In opportunistic networks data transmission is done using store-carry-forward strategy. Therefore, cooperative willingness of nodes to forward messages to other nodes presents an essential part in the routing technique. Furthermore, as the nodes (i.e. devices carried by human beings or vehicles) in opportunistic networks have limited resources, therefore nodes may be not willing to cooperate in forwarding of messages for other nodes to save their limited resources. A number of routing techniques have been suggested to avoid the self-centered behavior of nodes. Therefore, it is essential to provide a summary of these routing techniques in good representative way. In our review paper firstly we categorize the several kinds of behavior of nodes. Then we classify present cooperation enforcement routing techniques for preventing selfish behavior, into two types: willingness based and incentive based. We then review some representative cooperation enforcement routing techniques in literature belonging to each category. The consolidated details of reviewed literature are tabulated. Finally, we analyze the influence of selfish behavior on routing techniques. This will help future researchers in designing new cooperation aware routing techniques for opportunistic networks and in incorporating cooperation enforcement mechanism in efficient routing techniques to improve routing performance of opportunistic networks.
Volume 12 | 01-Special Issue
Pages: 900-913
DOI: 10.5373/JARDCS/V12SP1/20201142