Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a multidisciplinary field that studies the design and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of HCI, from early command- line interfaces to current AI-driven systems and natural interaction paradigms. We explore fundamental design principles including usability, user-centered design, accessibility, and feedback mechanisms that guide effective HCI development. Current trends such as natural user interfaces, artificial intelligence integration, extended reality, ubiquitous computing, and brain- computer interfaces are examined alongside persistent challenges in privacy, cognitive load management, cross- cultural design, and accessibility. Through systematic literature review and analysis of empirical research, we identify emerging directions including emotional computing, zero UI paradigms, sustainable interaction design, and neuroadaptive interfaces. This paper contributes a synthesized perspective on the rapidly evolving HCI landscape, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and ethical considerations in designing intuitive, inclusive, and human-centered systems.
Volume 17 | Issue 4
Pages: 12-18